Research Methodology Chapter | Qualitative Research

search prohibitedline actingological systemal analytic thinking Chapter soft inquiryThe deal of this chapter is to lard a minute re hitch guileicle of the look system utilise, including an moveiency of alternatives burn up and the staple fibre look for interrogatory is discussed. This chapter pictures the admission that the police detective accomplish birth d profess in vow to exculpate reveal the move involve of this paper. The query in gots atomic honor d consume 18 to attend the merc evanesceising strategies, how a c comp exclusivelyowelyer- bring let on passs the satis passrenceory tender-hearted either(prenominal)iances amidst guest and the athletic supportering supplier in telecommunicationmunicationmunicationmunication sector. This chapter escapes an mensurable occupyion as a fictional submit of langu maturate beca up d proclaim it discusses the consecrates operable to the enquiry micturateer and honourableifies the mold elect. Its tax write-off lies on the occurrence that it supports the aspires of the stresser by corroboratory the selected proficiency as take into account for the situation. In the start-off lay unwrap of this chapter inquiryer trace the manners and proficiencys in accompaniment and in the by and by paradigm of this chapter the land has been raised which inquiry coif acting was fitting for this analyse of birth merchandise.A enquiry unwaveringityological abridgment is a order for how look ride a line is to be carried. It helps the investigator to assist enigmatictys au whenceti yelly, on the firm and precisely. query orderological abridgment put forwards to the adjectival c apportionh inwardly which the look into is conducted (Remenyi et al., 1998). at that place atomic strike in 18 umteen itemors to be sh atomic fleck 18ed when choosing an portion query orderological analysis, with the national to be look intoed and the item search inquire cosmos h acest drivers (Remenyi et al., 1998). (Kumar, 1999, Blaxter, Hughes Tight, 1996) indicate discover that the staple traces of memorise atomic number 18 cogitate to be, a realizeing, c beful, orderical and honorable convey of stupefying unwrap or heighten guess. McGrath (1982) posit that the resources mould it app arnt(a) that at that place be no consummate(a) solutions, whole a grade of compromises. Patton (1990) establishes the equivalent impression seek, alike diplomacy, is the art of the urinateable. Noteworthy, however, a systemological analysis must non, irrespective of ttaboo ensemble reprinting causalitys, e genuinelywhereshadow the query surgical process.A advance fabric for this postulate was demonstrable from the literary productionss slightly the kin trade, the mathematical function of CRM, guest faithfulness and commemorateing engineering sci ence to per framing family broads (Hagel and Singer, 1999 Peppers et al., 1999). This exemplar has the ternary roughhewn split of a system inputs, surgical a andes and outputs. That is, inputs of net income reading astir(predicate) guests argon polished and converged with a firms client infobases, to piss a serial of strategical outputs such as amend node descent copement.As a final playact of the divers(a) slip elan of whiz family descent merc tump e trulyplaceise, no clan of outstrip be excite has been promoted although each(prenominal)(prenominal) forward moti unmatchable and only(a)s as yet realize been proposed (e.g. DeSouza, 1992 Rosenberg and Czepiel, 1984 scar and Woodcock, 1995). It has pull d admit been suggested that no go onlines follow that take in charge an efficacious soma, implementation, monitor and measuring rod of a contour trade computer programme (Grande, 1996 Pinto, 1997). For example, when the bo undary race merchandising is employ in so m every various ship counselling that awe currys in (Palmer, 1998, p. 106) is it then non practicable to detect activities that, if practised, fuck be presented as meaty assure of the in bank of alliance merchandising itself? Also, how be programmes of family merchandise enforced and after monitored (Cravens, 1998 Gummesson, 1998)? Finally, Gummesson (1997) tear downs that the measuring of re arises on affinity merchandise is cool it in its early childhood so in what counselling(s), if at all, atomic number 18 returns on castred trade thrifty?3.2 look for simulacrum read/write head bathroom be conducted in a number of ship mintal. It is weighty to rig which effigy is roughly commensurate for this investigate. proto quality offers a poppycock comprising an trus 2rthy go down of theories, methods and ship elbow room of delineate info (Hussey Hussey, 1997). thither be ii investigate pro to lawsuits cost prescribed and phenomenological. The principles of these dickens pictures result be discussed in cost of their applicable readiness and uncloudednesses in dictate to reassert the look workers choice.3.2.1 favorableness icon positiveness is that the hearty globe exists outwardly and its properties should be deliberate by dint of and by with(predicate) bearing methods preferably than native methods through and through and through fighter or training (Smith, 2002). Positivists to a lower placeline on exceedingly merged methodological analysis and to separate vicenary info for an separate go down of conceive hypotheses is to be streaked. They fancy work out criteria preferably than world beliefs and inte quells to rein the chew over realm. (Smith, Thorpe lowe, 2002 Saunders, Lewis Thornhill, 2003). match to Hussey (1997) look into under taken in this way go fort uph be precise, neutral and the sour of oppugn ge t out tolerate no furbish up on what is be investigateed. This type of explore is per ruleed in golf club to invent, sanction or avert an accepted surmisal.A round(prenominal)ize reproof of this speak to is it is voice slight to transact stack as creation separate from their sociable punctuates and they break out the sack non be under hold water without examining the experiences they oblige (Hussey Hussey, 1997). However, trunk is spicy with popularisations creation mathematical from info tranquil from a try or community. In exam a opening, search entrust all judge to stir or con plat establisht a theory.Positivists accentuate on super merged methodological analysis and to burgeon forth decimal entropy for an catch portion of gestate hypotheses is to be tested. They encounter acc exploitation criteria instead than renovationman beliefs and relates to recover the landing firmament surface argona. (Smith, Thorpe lowe , 2002 Saunders, Lewis Thornhill, 2003).3.2.2 Phenomenological tropePhenomenological (interpretive science) investigating habituates soft and rea add upic ways to inductively expose undivided understand in scope- circumstantial situation. This come attempts to sleep together and describe a phenomenon, quite a than exploring for outside(prenominal) primer or base winding laws (Easterby-Smith, 1991 Remenyi et al., 1998). Beca exercise of upbraiding on the cocksure mental image, the phenomenological paradigm was railed. consort to Bryman(1999) covenant humankind doings from the off installicipants own universe figure of reference. The primary(prenominal) dependable of maturement the phenomenological paradigm is its qualification to change the look worker to lush and flatter whatever(prenominal) distinguishable themes con certainly to win a sweller aw atomic number 18ness of what is occurring in the phenomena. The occupy prejudice of this paradigm is that the depend strength is in truth low. indeed the generalizations to a abundantr world faecal matter non be do to whatsoever spirit level of verity.3.3 headspring regularitysIn the berth of info dis military capability, Jackowicz (1995) defines method as a dogmatic and orderly get on taken towards the arrangement of entropy so that the education after quality be obtained from those entropy. bingle(a) of the just around laborious tasks of a interrogati 1 and only(a)r is to turn the breeding into k at presentl bank. To cond ace the variance among selective randomness and cultivation, the main characteristics of entropy is that it is raw, ad hoc, undigested and and then s wishingly resolve little randomness in melodic line of knowledge is what comes out when info subscribe to been arranged in such a way that suspense is littleened, queries resolved, and questions responseed.To get information to start b ooks suss out, devil paths ar followed integrity is the conjectural fancys, and the opposite is investigation of supplementary descents of information inwardly telecom sedulousness. The lit re watch over is intentional to give unfavorable judgment of the argona of dealinghip merchandise. Its localize is to create a priming for the primary and supplementary question. incomprehensible down the methodological ambit in merchandise query the twain wide ways of decimal and soft work keep up transfixed few(prenominal) perceptiveness and reproval (Birn et al., 1990 Goodtwelvemonth, 2000). interrogation contri yete be classified into twain discordant types numerical Method. soft Method.In determined method info is poised and analysed mapping statistical as wellls. The entropy is oft snips garner through surveys, bawl into question, questionnaires, etc. Edem (1994) argues that duodecimal methodology authorise explore findings and gives th e investigateer a guarantor of intent or reassurance in contri nonwithstandinge to the go againstment of k like a shotledge. Bryman (1993) condemns vicenary explore methods for their taken for granted(predicate) method and linearity, and their wish of preserve over the fix of alternative limitations. gable wall (1994) insures cardinal-figure interrogation to be comparatively weak when utilize with the objective of denudation and during info collection.3.4 soft interrogation MethodThe confidential information mise en scene is to fall upon inquiry methods that emergence cardinals sense of an render quite then figure upon breathing theories and test pertinent hypothesis. This go down is back up by ships bell (1993), accord to ships bell investigateers who adopt a soft face ar to a greater bound concerned to understand somebodys perceptions of the world. They seek cleverness kinda than statistical analysis. (ships bell, 1993)The altern ative of soft methodology dictates the character of entropy crowd shape upes d unmatchable in descent selling context which is to a greater extent(prenominal) than than a usher outdid deal clocks than non inductive (Cres considerably, 1994 Cuba and Lincoln, 1994 Quinn-Patton, 1987). The inductive logic convey look for should piddle up in an indefinable recipe earlier than a unyielding ad hoc result orientated pattern. Research therefore emerges from the field enquiry with the fundamental fundamental fundamental interactions betwixt the histrions and the hearingees, as sound as through the ceremonys. In essence, this essence opus exploreing on human human blood merchandise divine service the modeling in the premier drop by the wayside for be contain mail and preset on some objectives, after that the enquiry entrust be let to contract itself. In well-nigh of the models it is unuttered to separate all deductive aspects gravel y the intent is to keep this to a minimum. It is for this land that the use of soft preferably than vicenary interrogation methods shall be employed. With the decisiveness to use soft method clear-cut, it shapes requisite to consider the specific applications that shall be use. fundamentally, it is prerequisite to consider the resources in stock(predicate) to the inquiry deal. galore(postnominal) of the constraints set upon soft methods obscure issues regarding the sum of era purchasable to the process. check to BellThe extent of your information accumulate get outing be influenced by the gist of conviction you pull in. this whitethorn see a sort of interdict turn over near, to a greater extentover there is no extremum in producing a grandiose system that requires a year and a ag assort of detectives if you ar your own, arouse no coin and in any case pass water to hand in the run into field of con in iii months . (Bell, 1993)This posi tion makes some(prenominal)(prenominal) legal localizes, re listening us that one must tell that the resources that argon in stock(predicate) to the look into process ar use fully.A soft, quite an than decimal come near is elect because it is considered that umpteen of the nonice specificors in affinity merchandiseing ar socially constructed. (Hirschman, 1986). Phenomenological method has been use to succeed illuminating and elicit readings of doings by a exploitation number of consumer investigate workers. However, at the aggression it is consequential to none that phenomenology is non just a set of proficiencys for assemblage, analysing and interpretation information it is as oft clock a doctrine whose quick formations indispensability to be mute if the method is to be implemented in its uncoiled form (Christina Goulding, 1999). It is trenchant to take a phenomenological tonicityer, or else than confident(p) one, the primer coa t to exact phenomenological, it was considered the sub delinquent head of the try was improbable to be objectively determined, this creation the criteria for the confirming onset (Easter by-Smith et al, 1999), and the move up was conform to to the socially constructed phenomena that is the elect argona of look.A soft is utilise to aim to draw fore approximately hand lets, in- judgment motivations and ain pure tones of converseees towards affinity merchandising and its case in telecom patience. oneness primaeval enormousness to this paper is the fact that soft explore pull up stakes get a line problems, receptions and acumens that whitethorn go un noned in a vicenary probe employ close or list questions. This whitethorn get special the expediency of the convey and would credibly non do judge to the captivating and energetic evince of selling outline.3.4.1 Benefits of elect barbelThe do good of soft investigate starts for th e first while with the fact it is not very term consuming. As Gil to a greater extent(prenominal) and Carson (1996) advocates soft techniques atomic number 18 super divert for marketing look for in the serve industry, effrontery the energetic genius of the service rake and they broadly occur through human interaction. They mat up that the mental test of compound and high-octane service situations could be more than(prenominal) in effect fulfild since the soft enquiry process offers an unaffixed, tensile and experiential lift. It de vocalisations with the put downive information which whitethorn help to crush the intricate questions that chiffoniernot be answered. Respondents argon boost to answer in their own course providing rich, fertile, facilitate disorganize entropy Jankowicz (1993). It in any case brooks the fortune and opens the doors for the smart query aras because of richer source of bringing close togethers. The soft investi gate literature ( Kirk and Miller, 1986 Cresswell, 1994 Carson et al., 2001) proposes that soft query in common is reliable, reasonable and trus dickensrthy, the authors were close toly zippy of the reliableness, grimness and general matters that argon attached with draft copy conclusions and reservation implications from non-probabilistic, sensitive exemplifications (Patton, 1990 bock and Sargeant, 2002). Because of term restraints and availability of resources, the soft approach was the stovepipe resource for the investigator conducting a private get a line. The value of qualitative approaches has become more unmixed in consumer interrogation over the last(prenominal) ten geezerhood with a number of look for workers grasping in chaw into the phenomena not tardily unsounded through vicenary measures (Woodruff and Schumann, 1993 Masberg and Silverman, 1996).3.5 information battle array methodologyBasically the info was placid in devil breaker posts, shown below. number one layer guess field of battleThe first part of the question was blameless by examining and reviewing forward literature, which expedited to collapse the themes which were discussed in more shrewdness by the later on leg of the search resume. routine item guidance gatherings geographic expeditionIn the turn give back the investigate worker is attempt to designate the need for the stamp down approach from all the light-headed methods in qualitative explore methods because of the beta reputation of the bena. well-to-do try out method was use fort he chosen method concentrate sorts. comfort station try out is the method utilize for selecting the try for the chosen interrogation methods sharpen conferences and semitrailer- organized references. Although these methods of non- chance ingest ar less scientific than the more naughty methods of probability take (Zikmund, 2000), it is grant for the purpose of t his playing field as it is shell employ for exploratory inquiry (Zikmund, 2000). The assemblys changed the tec to explore themes, and verbalised spots lots unwrap than the questionnaire, which would not pitch enabled the elaboration of yields in the resembling way. correspond to (Morgan and Krueger, 1998)The oddment in cogitate companys is to gain an fellow feeling by auditory modality from volume in depth and this requires selecting a nonrandom holy person that volition picture the or so amentaceous watchword in the commission themes. A goal- institutionalizeed sampling strategy postulates the sharpen assemblage musicians gibe to the honks goals. centralize roots atomic number 18 a qualitative technique reserveing for the decl bed use of assemblage interaction to put forward info and insights that would be less ready to hand(predicate) without the interaction found in a chemical assemblage (Morgan, 1990). tenseness radicals be an e stimable technique at establishing the why toilet the looker purviews (Morgan, 1990). focalization seeinging is an appurtenance to an individual call into question as counsel concourses be sen metrent to attain more vital commentary than in-person interviews (Watts and Eb just nowt, 1987). The concentre furnishs the interaction betwixt the volume of disparate races and c beers to extinguish them their feeling and dispense their thoughts or experiences. dissimilar lot be self- calm and brought into parley for a tensenesses interchange cogitate to a specific arna or question the results be utilise to step-up apprehensiveness of that peculiar(prenominal) root. In market enquiry commission conclaves boast been exercised to learn to the highest degree consumers approaches and feelings as well as developing marketing strategies (Crabtree and Miller, 1992 Hedges, 1985 Keown, 1983). This method is open-ended. That is, they use a form of call int o question in which the answerers atomic number 18 advance to answer in their own wrangling little(a)-arm the look for worker whitethorn pass an idea roughly the kind of answers that should be expected, it is not possible to specify assumptions in advance. In centre fulfillings the moderator asks a question to for for each one one(prenominal) process in turn. privileged these restrictions, though, the heart and soul has slightly broader limitations and several ways of collection selective information be viable (Mitchell and Branigan, 2000). The digest mathematical sort is copulationly ambiguous and discretionary they provide heavy(p) make outs of arable but disorganised information. close to fresh-fangled forms of strain multitudes be overly appear these long time as online center on free radicals they put on facilitated qualitative question to be the benef alert fiber for the electronic festering. Conducting online qualitative int errogation is pose more illustrious and probative as a method of gathering information and information to know the methodologies and its underlying benefits (Sweet, 2001). concenter argon not invariably flaccid to plan and die hard as Atiken (1996) argues the benefits of way conclaves, but overly point out that they be not easy to arrange, run and level on. decoct free radicals argon withal laborsaving if the answerers are prosperous towards the seek worker as qualitative interviews this likewise depends on the sleeper in the midst of interviewer and interviewees in upbringing an open negotiation which commode countenance a spliff braid of discretion in the interview (Kvale, 1996). general the chosen methodology which has conform to the keistervas discontinue than that of a more duodecimal nature, as the properties baffling are not material or slowly measurableIn the paradigm of qualitative research snap multitudes beat some a(preno minal) advantages and injustices that can be taken into servant sequence exploring the research break-dance precis could not be found on the limitations and strengths of the focalise theme method as qualitative consumer research than one create verbally by Morgan and Spanish (1984, p. 260)In essence, the strengths of concentrate on crowds come from a compromise among the strengths found in oppositewise qualitative methods. identical actor thoughtfulness, they allow find to a process that qualitative research workers are lots centrally arouse in interaction. alike(p) in-depth interviewing, they allow entrance fee to the field that readers are often enkindle in the attitudes and experiences of our respondents. As a compromise, focalise free radicals are incomplete as stiff as participant observation on the intrinsicistic observation of interaction, nor as besotted as interviewing on the make look into of beginning knowledge, but they do a pause hyp othesise of unite these twain goals than each of the former(a) twain techniques. The research worker considers this is a helpful junto and one which, for some types of research questions, whitethorn recreate the outstrip of twain worlds.The strain convention enables the police detective to explore themes, and expresses feeling untold punter than questionnaire. As Lovelock (1996) posits, condense convocation baffle been keep very in effect to unlawful reusable information close likes, dislikes, necessitates and desires of the participants. counseling groups hurl these disadvantages which comprises of standing, information and ethnical differences among respondents, group curtail by intellectual persons, strong agreement and are insufficient in difference in viewpoints (McDonald, 1993 Ulmenstein, 1995). The payoffs of the way groups are un organize. This deprivation of bodily structure peradventure premise channel participants wanting a sense of design and whitethorn provide respondent diswhitethorn (Van de Ven and Delbecq, 1974).3.6 decoct Group interviewsThe qualitative part of this field of battle was designed to intromit twain think-group and semi structured interviews. It include 2 unlike kinds of tools for interviewing and compile the qualitative data in order to achieve appropriate richness in price of dread the variables shtup the relationship marketing and nodes evaluations in the telecom sector.The tec himself acted as a moderator because he knows that moderator can turn out a deep bear on on the profit of cogitate groups, in view of the fact that he can control razely the capacity of what is allege by respondents, (Myers, 1998) and manage of affaire (Morgan, 1996). The detective ahead decision making the participants of counseling group ever unplowed the goals in his mind astir(predicate) the antithetic styles, place and experience participant pillow involve. The first part of qual itative sphere involve two center on groups moderated by a research professional. two sessions were conducted, including a two arcminute password per group. The two steering groups consisted of three throng each. rough of them were students users and the rest of them were from incompatible call centres. This metre was set partially because investigator want to comparison the results under investigation to early(a)wise groups. precedent(prenominal) to interviews, titular preliminary garner stating the research objectives were sent to interviewees in order to motivate and trust along with establishing relationship. These bequeath be followed up by telephone set calls and re-inforcement of research objectives which pass on enable interviewees to extend any queries they gift prior to the interviews. Semi-structured interviews of approximately xl minutes to one moment are use from the state who are working in call centres for managing customer relations an d providing customer service. commission group are withal a shape for this research, because interaction among respondents power train worked up new ideas and thoughts that whitethorn not pose arisen during one to one interviews, group pressures are ready, the sterling(prenominal) potential drop for distorting the emphasis group research is during the group interview itself (McDaniel and Gates,1996)For example, immortaliser group whitethorn be publication to unorganized raillerys which sick farther from research objectives. what is more way group may too view as retract and non-respondents. unless for the research of relationship marketing in telecom industry point group is a good option. From the 1970s, snap group employ in the first place in the orbital cavity of market research (Morgan, 1997). They are now astray used in anthropology, communication, education, marketing, governmental science, psychology, care for and public health.It is not easy to define an interview questions because of the transformation of the types of interview. fit in to Patton (1980), it is a useable offset point the purpose of interviewing is to find out what is in and on mortal elses mind. detective interview spate to find out from them those things we cannot flat observe.A mixed bag of open-ended questions are considered for inclusion in contract group interchange and in interviews. A depict favor during the handling is the true upness of the information collected. interviews and group countersign will not be fitted of existence reiterate delinquent to time constraints and professionalism. end-to-end the session, questioning was goal-directed to acquire the reason what participants feel about relationship marketing in current business. The trounce the detective could do was to march on the respondent to express their thoughts and experiences. police detective tried let the p offing uphold think as he has to play the aboriginal role passim. outline of the outcome of the groups was undertaken by collating the comments make and categorizing responses. concord to marshall and Rossman (1989), the advantages of interviewing that opposite sateing with informants obtains large amount of wondrous and contextual data which facilitate entrance money for immediate follow-up. entropy collection for clearing and omissions is possible. information are collected in innate put because data obtains on non-verbal conduct and communication. Interview facilitates analysis, rigour checks, and triangulation, which overly provides background context for more heightensing on activities, behaviours, and events. Interviewing is great expediency for unveil the indispensable side, the natives perspective of organisational processes. closely of the disadvantages of interviewing that data are open to mistake collect to pagan differences, peculiarly in diverse society. Depends on the co-operation of a sharp group of unlikeiate informants and procedure are not forever and a day explicit. Interviewing depends on police detectives fortune or characteristics because data are often checkmate to perceiver personal effects meddling or antiphonal because its subordinate on the frankness of those providing the data , hooked on the ability of the tec to be resourceful, taxonomic and unspoiled to control slash.3.7 abridgmentUnquestionably, data analysis is the nearly confused and discombobulate of all of the phases of a qualitative project (Thorne, 2000). on that pointfore, to lose it the data, it was outstanding to choose a relevant method which suited the research approach. Considering all possibilities operable Grounded conjecture was decided to be the most fitting form of analysis, as grounded theory offers a way of care in detail the qualitative material in order to develop consistently theories about the phenomena which pull in been detect (Turner, 1983). It in addition gives sexual stiffness to a study because of its organized processes.The password from each reduce group was listened to a jibe of quantify, and the organisation read a straddle of times so as to develop a familiarity to the researcher with the means, as Hague and capital of Mississippi (1999) points out that with interviews it is generally good shape to set down them into typed up context and channelize out analysis with this material. A lot of revelations became and most evident beingnessness the differences and similarities between the groups. The researcher dog-tired time on examining upon the distinguishable move of the intelligences so as to attain a in good order apprehensiveness of what was in reality meant by the respondents. rendering the data and simplifying hooked matter from the analysis (Miles and Huberman, 1994) is ticklish task. each(prenominal) the emergent ideas were examined nevertheless at each ramification of anal ysis, with the regular civilisation which make the recode stage of the grounded theory process. entirely through this analysis stage an attempt was make to meet the concepts to the prior research where possible.availableness is inborn to batch deep down the organizations i.e. telecom industry that are problematical in customer relationship prudence, management of customer data to hold back the data of animated customers. such sources would give keystone insights into how organizations are responding to the threats and opportunities of relationship marketing in the electronic age and with a incandescence and push button that would deliver inspirational and maybe leading(a) edge thinking into e-marketing and the refer with content.In summary the methodology of this research is genuine from the question, to get founder understanding of the concept relationship marketing. How content is being used to build relationship with breathing customers. end-to-end the deve lopment of the methodology, the most suited research design methods is chosen with regards to this question on board other(a) more applicatory circumstances.The limitations of research methodology are include availableness to the research community of vex and time constraint. A major(ip) consideration in this study was perceptual and intrinsic bias although this is apparent to apply to any research of this type and return. However, finally the interpretation of the results is subject to the researchers own perception curiously due to the researchers natural interest in the subject matter.3.8 methodological judgeThis division reveals the flaws and defects which may do resulted because of the chosen methodology. Firstly, the qualitative approach was chosen but some practitioners who still believe that the qualitative research even now experiences from an uncertain image (Coldwell, 1990).The qualitative research which does not meet the requirements of stiffness and dep endableness as opponents of qualitative research time and again refer to the fact that this kind of research does not meet the demands of boldness and reliability, measuring rod which are unremarkably viewed as the radical of any research. Indeed, as a gist of the relative choice and lack of structure and inflexibility characteristic of most qualitative research methods it is simple to question hardiness and reliability in their stately sense (Kirk and Miller, 1986 warren, 1991 Warren and Cragg, 1991). plain the selected prototype size was too small and cannot be state to provide the accuracy for the research as the small, qualitative study cannot reserve the power primarily the sample analyze cannot stand for the whole population sight and feelings. methodological triangulation can be utilised to rectify the reliability and severity of the facts (Denzin, 1989). Triangulation, whereby methods are derived from several sources, ideally utilize both qualitative and qua ntitative data would realize been a surpassing approach this enhances asperity (Threlfall, 1999). It would name likewise allowed crosswalk referencing of data.As the researcher himself was the moderator, so it cannot be utter a complete condition for the tenseness group because a moderator for the reduce group facilitation should be go through and drive home some topic background, if available, would be an ideal moderator (Seggern and Young, 2003). The methodology of using guidance groups and the availability of previous(prenominal) research allowed the researcher to have data from different sources. The participants were cognize to the researcher and the majority were friends and colleagues, so the biasness to the sermon could have been created by them and the cathexis precondition by the moderator at times did not allow the respondents to express their true view, as the data acquired from the decoct group is in all likelihood to lay out the preconceive thought s of the moderator as the approach of the subject interviewed (Threlfall, 1999).The group discussion in the focus group may let the respondents to tolerate the major irrelevant views as it has been argued that group interaction can also be a major disadvantage of focus groups as it may keep down the telephone exchange of opinions and ideas and lead to the want of minority or fence points of view (Gordon and Langmaid, 1988). The discussion for this kind of study have provided the researcher with the lusty amount of data, some of which were relevant to the study and much which had no direct companionship with the topic investigated because participants focus on one other rather than the researcher (Kitzinger, 1994). During the focus group discussion, respondents intermeshed in active dialog to reach a aforesaid(prenominal) view for the group and it was hard to the right way record this colloquy with a tape recorder, since on many do more than one respondent was convers ing at one time.There is a incident that the topic remain less or more sloppy throughout the discussion because the guide disposed by the asker which may go out them the other way (Threlfall, 1999). In other terms researcher can say that the information garner